@InProceedings{Aone;Bennett:95,
  key =		 {Aone \& Bennett 1995},
  author = 	 {Aone, Chinatsu and Scott Bennett},
  title = 	 {Evaluating Automated and Manual Acquisition of Anaphora Resolution Strategies},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the 33$^{rd}$ Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages =	 {122-129},
  year =	 1995,
  address =	 {Cambridge, MA, USA}
}

@Misc{Appelt;Israel:99,
  key = 	 {Appelt \& Israel 1999},
  author = 	 {Appelt, Douglas E. and David J. Israel},
  title = 	 {Introduction to Information Extraction Technology},
  year = 	 1999,
  note = 	 {A tutorial prepared for IJCAI-99},
  http =         {www.ai.sri.com/~appelt/ie-tutorial/IJCAI99.pdf}
}

@InCollection{Basili;Pazienza:97,
  key = 	 {Basili \& Pazienza 1997},
  author = 	 {Basili, R. and M. T. Pazienza},
  title = 	 {Lexical Acquisition for Information Extraction},
  crossref =     {Pazienza:97},
  pages =	 {44-72},
  year =	 1997,
  chapter =	 4,
}

@InCollection{BasiliEA:99,
  key =          {Basili {\em et al\/} 1999},
  author = 	 {Basili, Roberto and Massimo Di Nanni and Maria Teresa Pazienza},
  title = 	 {Engineering of IE Systems: An Object-Oriented Approach},
  pages = 	 {134-164},
  year = 	 {1999},
  crossref =     {Pazienza:99},
}

@InProceedings{BearEA:97,
  key =          {Bear {\em et al\/} 1997},
  author = 	 {Bear, John and David Israel and Jeff Petit and David Martin},
  title = 	 {Using Information Extraction to improve Document Retrieval},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of The Sixth Text REtrieval Conference (TREC 6)},
  pages =	 {367-377},
  year =	 {1997},
  address =	 {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
  month =	 {November 19-21},
  http =         {trec.nist.gov/pubs/trec6/papers/sri.ps}
}

@InProceedings{BikelEA:97,
  key =          {Bikel {\em et al\/} 1997},
  author = 	 {Bikel, D and S Miller and R Schwartz and R Weischedel},
  title = 	 {NYMBLE: a High-Performance Learning Name Finder},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  pages =	 {109-116},
  year =	 1997,
  address =	 {Providence, RI},
}

@InProceedings{BorthwickEA:98,
  key =		 {Borthwick {\em et al\/} 1998},
  author = 	 {Borthwick, A and J Sterling and E Agihtein and R Grishman},
  title = 	 {Exploiting Diverse Knowledge Sources via Maximum Entropy in Named Entity Recognition},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora},
  year =	 1998,
  address =	 {Universit{\'e} de Montreal, Montreal, Canada},
  organization = {ACL},
}

@PhdThesis{Califf:98,
  key = 	 {Califf 1998},
  author = 	 {Califf, Mary Elaine},
  title = 	 {Relational Learning Techniques for Natural Language Information Extraction},
  school = 	 {Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin},
  year = 	 1998,
  month =	 {August},
  note =	 {Also appears as Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Technical Report AI98-276},
  http =         {ftp.cs.utexas.edu/pub/mooney/papers/rapier-dissertation-98.ps.Z}
}

@InProceedings{Califf;Mooney:97,
  key =          {Califf \& Mooney 1997},
  author = 	 {Califf, Mary Elaine and Raymond J. Mooney},
  title = 	 {Relational Learning of Pattern_Match Rules for Information Extraction},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Natural Language Learning},
  pages =	 {9-15},
  year =	 1997,
  address =	 {Somerset, New Jersey, USA},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}
}

@inproceedings{Califf;Mooney:99,
  key =          {Califf \& Mooney 1999},
  author =       {Califf, Mary Elaine and Raymond J. Mooney},
  title =        {Relational Learning of Pattern-Match Rules for Information Extraction},
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of the Sixteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI-99},
  address =      {Orlando, Florida},
  month =        {July},
  year =         1999,
  http =         {ftp.cs.utexas.edu/pub/mooney/papers/rapier-aaai99.ps.Z}
}

@Article{Cardie:97,
  key = 	 {Cardie 1997},
  author = 	 {Cardie, Claire},
  title = 	 {Empirical Methods in Information Extraction},
  journal = 	 {AI Magazine},
  year = 	 1997,
  volume = 	 18,
  number = 	 4,
  pages = 	 {65-80},
}

@InCollection{Chanod:99,
  key =          {Chanod 1999},
  author = 	 {Chanod, Jean-Pierre},
  title = 	 {Natural Language Processing and Digital Libraries},
  pages = 	 {17-31},
  year = 	 {1999},
  crossref =     {Pazienza:99},
}

@TechReport{Collier:96,
  key =		 {Collier 1996},
  author =	 {Collier, Robin},
  title =	 {Automatic Template Creation for Information Extraction; An Overview},
  institution =  {University of Sheffield, UK},
  year =         {1996},
}

@Article{Cowie;Lehnert:96,
  key = 	 {Cowie \& Lehnert 1996},
  author = 	 {Cowie, Jim and Wendy Lehnert},
  title = 	 {Information Extraction},
  journal = 	 {Communications of the ACM},
  year = 	 {1996},
  volume = 	 {39},
  number = 	 {1},
  pages = 	 {80-91},
  month = 	 {January},
  http =         {www.acm.org/pubs/articles/journals/cacm/1996-39-1/p80-cowie/p80-cowie.pdf}
}

@TechReport{CravenEA:98,
  key = 	 {Craven {\em et al\/} 1998},
  author = 	 {Craven, M. and D. DiPasquo and D. Freitag and A. McCallum and T. Mitchell and K. Nigam and S. Slattery},
  title = 	 {Learning to Extract Symbolic Knowledge from the World Wide Web},
  institution =  {School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University},
  year = 	 {1998},
  number = 	 {CMU-CS-98-122},
  address = 	 {Pittsburgh},
  month = 	 {September},
  note = 	 {Extended version of AAAI-98 paper},
  http =         {www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/theo-11/www/wwkb/tech-report.ps.gz}
}

@TechReport{Cunningham:99,
  key =          {Cunningham 1999},
  author = 	 {Cunningham, Hamish},
  title = 	 {Information Extraction: a User Guide (revised version)},
  institution =  {Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield},
  year = 	 {1999},
  number = 	 {CS-99-07},
  month = 	 {May},
  note = 	 {Revised version of CS-97-02},
  http =         {ftp.dcs.shef.ac.uk/home/hamish/auto_papers/Cun99b.ps.gz}
}

@inproceedings{Freitag:97,
  key =          {Freitag 1997},
  author =       {Freitag, Dayne},
  title =        {Using grammatical inference to improve precision in information extraction},
  booktitle =    {Notes of the ICML-97 Workshop on Automata Induction, Grammatical Inference and Language Acquisition},
  year =         {1997},
  http =         {www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/theo-11/www/wwkb/gi-ie.ps.gz}
}

@inproceedings{Freitag:98a,
  key =          {Freitag 1998a}, 
  author =       {Freitag, Dayne},
  title =        {Information extraction from HTML: Application of a general learning approach},
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of the Fifteenth Conference on Artificial Intelligence AAAI-98},
  pages =        {517-523},
  year =         {1998},
  http =         {www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/theo-11/www/wwkb/webie.ps.gz}
}

@inproceedings{Freitag:98b,
  key =          {Freitag 1998b}, 
  author =       {Freitag, Dayne},
  title =        {Mutlistrategy Learning for Information Extraction},
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-98)},
  year =         {1998},
  http =         {www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/theo-11/www/wwkb/ms-ie.ps.gz}
}

@InCollection{GaizauskasEA:97,
  key = 	 {Gaizauskas {\em et al\/} 1997},
  author = 	 {Gazauskas, R. and K. Humphreys and S. Azzam and Y. Wilks},
  title = 	 {Concepticons vs. Lexicons: An Architecture for Mutlilingual Information Extraction},
  pages = 	 {28-43},
  year = 	 {1997},
  chapter = 	 {3},
  crossref =     {Pazienza:97}
}

@InProceedings{Glickman;Jones:99,
  key =          {Glickman \& Jones 1999},
  author = 	 {Glickman, Oren and Rosie Jones},
  title = 	 {Examining Machine Learning for Adaptable End-to-End Information Extraction Systems},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the AAAI-99 Workshop on Machine Learning for Information Extraction},
  year = 	 {1999},
  http =         {www.sics.se/~fredriko/refs/glickman99.ps}
}

@InCollection{Grefenstette:97,
  key =          {Grefenstette 1997},
  author = 	 {Grefenstette, Gregory},
  title = 	 {Short Query Linguistic Expansion Techniques: Palliating One-Word Queries 
                  by Providing Intermediate Structure to Text},
  pages = 	 {97-114},
  crossref =     {Pazienza:97},
  chapter = 	 6,
  year =         1997,
}

@InCollection{Grishman:97,
  key =          {Grishman 1997},
  author = 	 {Grishman, Ralph},
  title = 	 {Information Extraction: Techniques and Challenges},
  pages = 	 {10-27},
  crossref =     {Pazienza:97},
  chapter = 	 {2},
  year =         {1997},
  http =         {www.ling.helsinki.fi/kurssit/ctl310/IR/papers/grishman.ps}
}

@InCollection{Guarino:97,
  key =          {Guarino 1997},
  author = 	 {Guarino, N.},
  title = 	 {Semantic Matching: Formal Ontological Distinctions for Information 
                  Organization, Extraction, and Integration},
  pages = 	 {139-170},
  crossref =     {Pazienza:97},
  chapter = 	 8,
  year =         1997,
}

@InCollection{Hearst:99,
  key =          {Hearst 1999},
  author = 	 {Hearst, Marti},
  title = 	 {The use of categories and clusters for organizing retrival results},
  pages = 	 {333-374},
  chapter = 	 {14},
  year = 	 {1999},
  crossref =     {Strzalkowski:99}
}

@InCollection{HobbsEA:97,
  key = 	 {Hobbs {\em et al\/} 1997},
  author = 	 {Hobbs, Jerry R. and Douglas Appelt and John Bear and David Israel and Megumi Kameyama and 
                  Mark Stickel and Mabry Tyson},
  title = 	 {FASTUS: A Cascaded Finite-State Transducer for Extraction Information from Natural Language Text},
  booktitle = 	 {Finite-State Language Processing},
  pages = 	 {383-406},
  publisher =    {MIT Press},
  year = 	 {1997},
  editor = 	 {Roche, Emmanuel and Yves Schabes},
  chapter = 	 {13},
  address = 	 {Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England},
}

@InProceedings{Hsu;Dung:98,
  key =		 {Hsu \& Dung 1998},
  author = 	 {Hsu, C and M Dung},
  title = 	 {Wrapping Semistructured Web Pages with Finite State Transducers},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of Conference on Automated Learning and Discovery},
  year =	 1998,
  address =	 {Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA},
  month =	 {June}
}

@InProceedings{Huffman:95,
  key =          {Huffman 1995},
  author = 	 {Huffman, S. B.},
  title = 	 {Learning Information Extraction Patterns from Examples},
  booktitle = 	 {IJCAI-95 Workshop on New Approaches to Learning for Natural Language Processing},
  year =	 1995,
  editor =	 {Wermter, S and G Scheler and E Riloff},
}


@InProceedings{JonesEA:99,
  key =		 {Jones {\em et al\/} 1999},
  author = 	 {Jones, R. and A. McCallum and K. Nigam and E. Riloff},
  title = 	 {Bootstrapping for Text Learning Tasks},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of IJCAI-99 Workshop on Text Mining: Foundations, Techniques and Applications},
  year =	 1999,
  address =	 {Stockholm, Sweden},
  month =	 {August},
  http =         {www.sics.se/~fredriko/refs/jonesEA99.ps}
}

@InProceedings{Kameyama:97,
  key =		 {Kameyama 1997},
  author = 	 {Kameyama, Megumi},
  title = 	 {Recognizing Referential Links: An Information Extraction Perspective},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of ACL/EACL Workshop on Operational Factors in Practical, Robust Anaphora
                  Resolution for Unrestricted Texts},
  pages =	 {46-53},
  year =	 1997,
  editor =	 {Mitkov, R. and B Boguraev},
  address =	 {Madrid, Spain},
  month =	 {July},
  http =         {xxx.soton.ac.uk/ps/cmp-lg/9707009}
}

@InProceedings{Kameyama:97b,
  key =          {Kameyama 1997},
  author = 	 {Kameyama, Megumi},
  title = 	 {Information Extraction across Linguistic Barriers},
  booktitle = 	 {AAAI Spring Symposium on Cross-Language Text and Speech Retrieval},
  year =	 {1997},
  address =	 {Stanford University},
  month =	 {March 24-26},
  http =         {www.ee.umd.edu/medlab/filter/sss/papers/kameyama2.ps}
}

@TechReport{Kan;McKeown:99,
  key =         {Kan \& McKeown 1999},
  author =      {Kan, Min-Yen and McKeown, Kathleen R.},
  title =       {Information Extraction and Summarization: Domain Independence through Focus Types},
  institution =         {Columbia University},
  year =        1999,
  number =      {CUCS-030-99},
  address =     {New York, NY, USA},
  month =       {April},
  http =        {www.cs.columbia.edu/~min/papers/sds.ps.gz}
}

@InCollection{Karlgren:99,
  key =          {Karlgren 1999},
  author = 	 {Karlgren, Jussi},
  title = 	 {Stylistic experiments in information retrieval},
  pages = 	 {147-166},
  chapter = 	 {5},
  year = 	 {1999},
  crossref =     {Strzalkowski:99},
  http =         {www.sics.se/~jussi/Artiklar/1999_NLPIR_Kluwer/karlgren.ps}
}

@InProceedings{Kehler:97,
  key = 	 {Kehler 1997},
  author = 	 {Kehler, Andrew},
  title = 	 {Probabilistic Coreference in Information Extraction},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EmNLP-97},
  year = 	 {1997},
  http =         {www.ai.sri.com/~kehler/Papers/emnlp97.ps.gz}
}


@InProceedings{Kehler:98,
  key =		 {Kehler 1998},
  author = 	 {Kehler, Andrew},
  title = 	 {Learning Embedded Discourse Mechanisms for Information Extraction},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of AAAI Spring Symposium on Applying Machine Learning to Discourse Processing},
  year =	 1998,
  address =	 {California, USA},
  http =         {citeseer.nj.nec.com/papers/cs/1261/http%3A%23@S@%23%23@S@%23www.ai.sri.com%23@S@%23%7Ekehler%23@S@%23Papers%23@S@%23MLDP.pdf}
}

@InProceedings{Kilgarriff:97,
  key =		 {Kilgarriff 1997},
  author = 	 {Kilgarriff, Adam},
  title = 	 {Foreground and Background Lexicons and Word Sense Disambiguation for Information Extraction},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of International Workshop on Lexically Driven Information Extraction},
  pages =	 {51-52},
  year =	 1997,
  address =	 {Frascati, Italy},
  month =	 {July},
  http =         {xxx.soton.ac.uk/ps/cmp-lg/9712007}
}

@Article{Kim;Moldovan:95,
  key =          {Kim and Moldovan 1995},
  author = 	 {Kim, J and D Moldovan},
  title = 	 {Acquisition of Linguistic Patterns for Knowledge-based Information Extraction},
  journal = 	 {IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering},
  pages =	 {713-724},
  year =	 1995,
  volume =	 7,
  number =	 5,
}

@InProceedings{Krupka:95,
  key =          {Krupka 1995},
  author = 	 {Krupka, G},
  title = 	 {Description of the SRA system as used for MUC-6},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the sixth Message Understanding Conference},
  pages =	 {221-236},
  year =	 1995,
  address =	 {San Fransisco, California, USA},
  publisher =	 {Morgan Kaufmann}
}

@Article{Kushmerick:00,
  key =          {Kushmerick 2000},
  author = 	 {Kushmerick, Nicholas},
  title = 	 {Wrapper induction: Efficiency and expressiveness},
  journal = 	 {Journal of Artificial Intelligence},
  year = 	 {2000},
  note = 	 {To appear},
  http =         {www.cs.ucd.ie/staff/nick/research/download/kushmerick-aij99.ps.gz}
}

@PhdThesis{Kushmerick:97a,
  key =          {Kushmerick 1997},
  author = 	 {Kushmerick, Nicholas},
  title = 	 {Wrapper Induction for Information Extraction},
  school = 	 {University of Washington},
  year = 	 {1997},
  note = 	 {Technical Repost UW-CSE-97-11-04},
  http =         {www.cs.ucd.ie/staff/nick/research/download/kushmerick-phd.ps.gz}
}

@Article{Kushmerick:99,
  key =          {Kushmerick 1999},
  author = 	 {Kushmerick, Nicholas},
  title = 	 {Gleaning the Web},
  journal = 	 {IEEE Intelligent Systems},
  year = 	 {1999},
  volume =       {14},
  number =       {2},
  pages =        {20-22},
  http =         {www.cs.ucd.ie/staff/nick/research/download/kushmerick-ieeeis99.pdf}
}

@InProceedings{KushmerickEA:97,
  key =          {Kushmerick {\em et al\/} 1997},
  author = 	 {Kushmerick, Nicholas and Daniel S. Weld and Robert Doorenbos},
  title = 	 {Wrapper Induction for Information Extraction},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of IJCAI-97},
  year = 	 {1997},
  http =         {www.cs.ucd.ie/staff/nick/research/download/kushmerick-ijcai97.ps.gz},
}

@Article{Lehnert;Sundheim:91,
  key =		 {Lehnert \& Sundheim 1991},
  author = 	 {Lehnert, W. and B. Sundheim},
  title = 	 {A Performance Evaluation of Text-Analysis Technologies},
  journal = 	 {AI Magazine},
  year = 	 1991,
  pages =	 {81-94},
  http =         {ciir.cs.umass.edu/info/psfiles/tepubs/aimag2.ps}
}

@Article{LehnertEA:94,
  key = 	 {Lehnert {\em et al\/} 1994},
  author = 	 {Lehnert, W. G. and C. Cardie and D. Fisher and J. McCarthy and E. Riloff and S. Soderland},
  title = 	 {Evaluating an Information Extraction System},
  journal = 	 {Journal of Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering},
  year = 	 1994,
  volume =	 1,
  number =	 6,
  pages =	 {453-472},
  http =         {cobar.cs.umass.edu/pubfiles/eval.ps}
}

@InProceedings{McCarthy;Lehnert:95,
  key =		 {McCarthy \& Lehnert 1995},
  author = 	 {McCarthy, Joseph F. and Wendy Lehnert},
  title = 	 {Using Desicions Trees for Coreference Resolution},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-95)},
  pages =	 {1050-1055},
  year =	 1995,
  editor =	 {Mellish, C.},
}

@InProceedings{McKeown;Radev:95,
  key =          {McKeown \& Radev 1995},
  author = 	 {McKeown, Kathleen and Dragomir Radev},
  title = 	 {Generating Summaries of Multiple News Articles},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings, 18th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval},
  pages =	 {74-82},
  year =	 {1995},
  address =	 {Seattle, Washington},
  http =         {www.cs.columbia.edu/~radev/publication/sigir95.ps}
}

@TechReport{Muslea:98,
  key = 	 {Muslea 1998},
  author = 	 {Muslea, Ion},
  title = 	 {Extraction Patterns: From Information Extraction to Wrapper Induction},
  institution =  {Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California},
  year = 	 {1998},
  http =         {www.isi.edu/~muslea/PS/epiReview.ps}
}

@InProceedings{Muslea:99,
  key =          {Muslea 1999},
  author = 	 {Muslea, Ion},
  title = 	 {Extraction Patterns for Information Extraction Tasks: A Survey},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the AAAI-99 Workshop on Machine Learning for Information Extraction},
  year = 	 {1999},
  http =         {www.isi.edu/~muslea/PS/ml4ie-aaai99.ps}
}

@InProceedings{MusleaEA:99,
  key =          {Muslea {\em et al\/} 1999},
  author = 	 {Muslea, Ion and Steve Minton and Craig Knoblock},
  title = 	 {A Hierarchical Approach to Wrapper Induction},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of 3rd Conference on Autonomous Agents (AA-99)},
  year = 	 {1999},
  http =         {www.isi.edu/~muslea/PS/hwi_aa99.ps}
}


@InCollection{Neri;Saitta:97,
  key =          {Neri \& Saitta 1997},
  author = 	 {Neri, F. and L. Saitta},
  title = 	 {Machine Learning for Information Extraction},
  pages = 	 {171-191},
  crossref =     {Pazienza:97},
  chapter = 	 9,
  year =         1997,
}

@Misc{Nivre;Lager:98,
  key =         {Nivre \& Lager 1998},
  author =      {Nivre, Joakim and Lager, Torbjörn},
  title =       {An Integrated Approach to Multilingual Hypertext Generation},
  year =        1998,
  note =        {Paper submitted to the 9th International Workshop on Natural Language Generation, Niagara-on-the-Lake,
Ontario, Canada, 5-7 August 1998.},
  http =        {www.ling.gu.se/~nivre/papers/9inlg.ps}
}



@TechReport{Nobata;Sekine:98,
  key = 	 {Nobata \& Sekine 1998},
  author = 	 {Nobata, Chikashi and Satoshi Sekine},
  title = 	 {Automatic Acquisition of Patterns for Information Extraction},
  institution =  {Department of Computer Science, New York University},
  month =        {May},
  year = 	 {1998},
  http =         {www.sics.se/~fredriko/refs/nobata98.ps}
}

@Book{Pazienza:97,
  key =          {Pazienza 1997},
  editor = 	 {Pazienza, Maria Teresa},
  title = 	 {Information Extraction: A Multidisciplinary Approach to an Emerging Information Technology},
  booktitle =    {Information Extraction: A Multidisciplinary Approach to an Emerging Information Technology},
  publisher = 	 {Springer},
  year = 	 {1997},
  volume = 	 {1299},
  series = 	 {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
  note =         {International Summer School, SCIE-97. Frascati, Italy, July 14-18, 1997.} 
}

@Book{Pazienza:99,
  key =          {Pazienza 1999},
  editor = 	 {Pazienza, Maria Teresa},
  title = 	 {Information Extraction: Towards Scalable, Adaptable Systems},
  booktitle =    {Information Extraction: Towards Scalable, Adaptable Systems},
  publisher = 	 {Springer},
  year = 	 {1999},
  volume = 	 {1714},
  series = 	 {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
  note =         {2nd School on Information Extraction, SCIE-99. Frascati, Italy, June 28 - July 2, 1999.} 
}

@Unpublished{Pierce:98,
  key =		 {Pierce 1998},
  author = 	 {Pierce, David},
  title = 	 {An Interactive Information Extraction Environment},
  year =         {1998},
  note =         {Unpublished manuscript},
}

@article{Radev;McKeown:98,
  key =         {Radev \& McKeown 1998},
  author =      {Radev, Dragomir R. and McKeown, Kathleen R.},
  title =       {Generating Natural Language Summaries from Multiple On-Line Sources},
  journal =     {Computational Linguistics},
  pages =       {469-500},
  volume =      {24},
  number =      {3},
  month =       {September},
  year =        {1998},
  http =        {www.cs.columbia.edu/~radev/publication/cl98.ps}
}

@InProceedings{Riloff:93,
  key =          {Riloff 1993},
  author = 	 {Riloff, Ellen},
  title = 	 {Automatically Constructing a Dictionary for Information Extraction Tasks},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of AAAI-93},
  year =	 1993,
  organization = {AAAI},
}

@Article{Riloff:96,
  key =          {Riloff 1996},
  author = 	 {Riloff, Ellen},
  title = 	 {An Empirical Study of Automated Dictionary Construction for Information Extraction in Three Domains},
  journal = 	 {AI Journal},
  year = 	 {1996},
  volume = 	 {85},
  month = 	 {August},
  http =         {www.sics.se/~fredriko/refs/riloff96.ps}
}

@InCollection{Riloff:99,
  key = 	 {Riloff 1999},
  author = 	 {Riloff, Ellen},
  title = 	 {Information Extraction as a Stepping Stone toward Story Understanding},
  booktitle = 	 {Computational Models of Reading and Understanding},
  publisher =    {MIT Press},
  year = 	 {1999},
  editor = 	 {Ram, Ashwin and Kenneth Moorman},
  http =         {www.cs.utah.edu/~riloff/psfiles/ashwin-chapter.ps}
}

@InProceedings{Riloff;Jones:99,
  key =		 {Riloff \& Jones 1999},
  author = 	 {Riloff, E. and R. Jones},
  title = 	 {Learning Dictionaries for Information Extraction Using Multi-level Boot-strapping},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of AAAI-99 Workshop on Machine Learning for Information Extraction},
  year =	 1999,
  http =         {www.sics.se/~fredriko/refs/riloffjones99.ps}
}

@Article{Riloff;Lehnert:94,
  key =          {Riloff \& Lehnert 1994},
  author =       {Riloff, Ellen and Wendy Lehnert},
  title =        {Information extraction as a basis for high-precision text classification},
  journal =      {ACM Transactions on Information Systems},
  volume =       {12},
  number =       {3},
  month =        {July},
  pages =        {296-333},
  year =         {1994},
  http =         {ciir.cs.umass.edu/info/psfiles/tepubs/acm_riloff.ps}
}
@InCollection{Riloff;Lorenzen:99,
  key =          {Riloff \& Lorenzen 1999},
  author = 	 {Riloff, Ellen and Jeffrey Lorenzen},
  title = 	 {Extraction Based Text Categorization: Generating Domain-Specific Role Relationships Automatically},
  year = 	 {1999},
  crossref =     {Strzalkowski:99}
}

@InProceedings{Riloff;Shoen:95,
  key =		 {Riloff  \& Shoen 1995},
  author = 	 {Riloff, E and J Shoen},
  title = 	 {Automatically Acquiring Conceptual Patterns Without an Annotated Corpus},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very Large Corpora},
  year =	 1995
}

@TechReport{Robertson;SparckJones:96,
  key =          {Robertson \& Sparck Jones 1996},
  author = 	 {Robertson, E. and Karen Sparck Jones},
  title = 	 {Simple, proven approaches to text-retrieval},
  institution =  {Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge},
  year = 	 {1996},
  number = 	 {356},
  http =         {www.cl.cam.ac.uk/ftp/papers/reports/TR356-ksj-approaches-to-text-retrieval.ps.gz}
}

@InCollection{Smeaton:97,
  key =          {Smeaton 1997},
  author = 	 {Smeaton, A. F.},
  title = 	 {Information Retrieval: Still Butting Heads with Natural Language Processing?},
  chapter = 	 {7},
  pages =	 {115-138},
  year = 	 {1997},
  crossref =     {Pazienza:97}
}

@inproceedings{Soderland:97,
  key =          {Soderland 1997},
  author =       {Soderland, Stephen},
  title =        {Learning to extract text-based information from the world wide web},
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD-97)},
  year =         {1997},
  http =         {www-nlp.cs.umass.edu/pubs/Soderland-KDD97.ps}
}

@Misc{Soderland:99,
  key =		 {Soderland 1999},
  author = 	 {Soderland, Stephen},
  title = 	 {Learning Information Extraction Rules for Semi-structured and Free Text},
  howpublished = {Machine Learning},
  year =	 1999
}

@Article{Soderland;Lehnert:94,
  key =		 {Soderland \& Lehnert 1004},
  author = 	 {Soderland, Stephen and Wendy Lehnert},
  title = 	 {Wrap-Up: a Trainable Discourse Module for Information Extraction},
  journal = 	 {Journal of Articial Intelligence Research },
  year = 	 1994,
  volume =	 1994,
  number =	 2,
  pages =	 {131-158},
  month =	 {December},
  http =         {www-nlp.cs.umass.edu/ciir-pubs/jair2_soderland.pdf}
}

@InProceedings{SoderlandEA:95,
  key =		 {Soderland {\em et al\/} 1995},
  author = 	 {Soderland, S and D Fisher and J Aseltine and W Lehnert},
  title = 	 {CRYSTAL: Inducing a Conceptual Dictionary},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI)},
  pages =	 {1314-1319},
  year =	 1995,
  http =         {www-nlp.cs.umass.edu/ciir-pubs/soderland_ijcai95.pdf}
}

@InCollection{Somers:99,
  key =          {Somers 1999},
  author = 	 {Somers, Harold},
  title = 	 {Knowledge Extraction from Bilingual Corpora},
  pages = 	 {95-119},
  year = 	 {1999},
  crossref =     {Pazienza:99},
}

@InCollection{SparckJones:99,
  key =          {Sparck Jones 1999},
  author = 	 {Sparck Jones, Karen},
  title = 	 {What is the role of NLP in text retrieval?},
  chapter = 	 {1},
  pages =	 {1-24},
  year = 	 {1999},
  crossref =     {Strzalkowski:99}
}

@Book{Strzalkowski:99,
  key = 	 {Strzalkowski 1999},
  editor = 	 {Strzalkowski, Tomek},
  title = 	 {Natural Language Information Retrieval},
  booktitle = 	 {Natural Language Information Retrieval},
  publisher = 	 {Kluwer Academic Press},
  year = 	 {1999},
  volume = 	 {7},
  series = 	 {Text, Speech and Language Technology},
  address = 	 {Dordrecht/Boston/London},
}


@InCollection{StrzalkowskiEA:99,
  key =          {Strzalkowski {\em et al\/} 1999},
  author = 	 {Strzalkowski, Tomek and Fang Lin and Jin Wang and Jose Perez-Carballo},
  title = 	 {Evaluating natural language processing techniques in information retrieval},
  pages = 	 {113-146},
  chapter = 	 {5},
  year = 	 {1999},
  crossref =     {Strzalkowski:99}
}

@InProceedings{ThompsonEA:99,
  key =		 {Thompson {\em et al\/} 1999},
  author = 	 {Thompson, Cynthia A. and Mary Elaine Califf and Raymond J. Mooney},
  title = 	 {Active Learning for Natural Language Parsing and Information Extraction},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Machine Learning Conference, ICML-99},
  year =	 1999,
  address =	 {Bled, Slovenia},
  month =	 {June},
  http =         {ftp.cs.utexas.edu/pub/mooney/papers/active-nll-ml99.ps.Z}
}

@InCollection{Vilain:99,
  key =          {Vilain 1999},
  author = 	 {Vilain, Marc},
  title = 	 {Inferential Information Extraction},
  pages = 	 {95-119},
  year = 	 {1999},
  crossref =     {Pazienza:99},
}

@InCollection{Voorhees:99,
  key =          {Voorhees 1999},
  author = 	 {Voorhees, Ellen M.},
  title = 	 {Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval},
  pages = 	 {32-38},
  year = 	 {1999},
  crossref =     {Pazienza:99},
}

@InProceedings{WakaoEA:96,
  key =          {Wakao {\em et al\/} 1996},
  author = 	 {Wakao, Takahiro and Robert Gaizauskas and Yorick Wilks},
  title = 	 {Evaluation of an Algorithm for the Recognition and Classification of Proper Names},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceeding of the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING96)},
  pages =	 {418-423},
  year =	 {1996},
  address =	 {Copenhagen},
  http =         {ftp.dcs.shef.ac.uk/home/robertg/coling96a.ps}
}

@InCollection{Wilks:97,
  key =          {Wilks 1997},
  author = 	 {Wilks, Yorick},
  title = 	 {Information extraction as a core language technology: What is IE?},
  pages = 	 {1-9},
  year = 	 {1997},
  crossref =     {Pazienza:97},
  http =         {www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~yorick/papers/cs-97-15.ps}
}

@InCollection{Wilks:99,
  key =          {Wilks 1999},
  author = 	 {Wilks, Yorick},
  title = 	 {Can We Make Information Extraction More Adaptive?},
  pages = 	 {1-16},
  year = 	 {1999},
  crossref =     {Pazienza:99},
}

@InProceedings{Yangarber;Grishman:97,
  key = 	 {Yangarber \& Grishman 1997},
  author = 	 {Yangarber, Roman and Ralph Grishman},
  title = 	 {Customization of Information Extraction Systems},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the International Workshop on Lexically Driven Information Extraction},
  year = 	 {1997},
  address = 	 {Frascati, Italy},
  http =         {www.sics.se/~fredriko/refs/yangarber97.ps}
}